// Gmsh - Copyright (C) 1997-2018 C. Geuzaine, J.-F. Remacle
//
// See the LICENSE.txt file for license information. Please report all
// bugs and problems to the public mailing list <gmsh@onelab.info>.

#ifndef _GMSH_H_
#define _GMSH_H_

// This file defines the Gmsh C++ API (v4.0).
//
// Do not edit it directly: it is automatically generated by `api/gen.py'.
//
// By design, the Gmsh C++ API is purely functional, and only uses elementary
// types from the standard library. See `demos/api' for examples.

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_USE_MATH_DEFINES)
#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#endif

#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <utility>

#define GMSH_API_VERSION "4.0"

#if defined(GMSH_DLL)
#if defined(GMSH_DLL_EXPORT)
#define GMSH_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define GMSH_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
#else
#define GMSH_API
#endif

namespace gmsh {

  // A geometrical entity in the Gmsh API is represented by two integers: its
  // dimension (dim = 0, 1, 2 or 3) and its tag (its unique, strictly positive
  // identifier). When dealing with multiple geometrical entities of possibly
  // different dimensions, the entities are packed as a vector of (dim, tag)
  // integer pairs.
  typedef std::vector<std::pair<int, int> > vectorpair;

}

namespace gmsh { // Top-level functions

  // Initialize Gmsh. This must be called before any call to the other functions in
  // the API. If `argc' and `argv' (or just `argv' in Python or Julia) are
  // provided, they will be handled in the same way as the command line arguments
  // in the Gmsh app. If `readConfigFiles' is set, read system Gmsh configuration
  // files (gmshrc and gmsh-options).
  GMSH_API void initialize(int argc = 0, char ** argv = 0,
                           const bool readConfigFiles = true);

  // Finalize Gmsh. This must be called when you are done using the Gmsh API.
  GMSH_API void finalize();

  // Open a file. Equivalent to the `File->Open' menu in the Gmsh app. Handling of
  // the file depends on its extension and/or its contents.
  GMSH_API void open(const std::string & fileName);

  // Merge a file. Equivalent to the `File->Merge' menu in the Gmsh app. Handling
  // of the file depends on its extension and/or its contents.
  GMSH_API void merge(const std::string & fileName);

  // Write a file. The export format is determined by the file extension.
  GMSH_API void write(const std::string & fileName);

  // Clear all loaded models and post-processing data, and add a new empty model.
  GMSH_API void clear();

  namespace option { // Global option handling functions

    // Set a numerical option to `value'. `name' is of the form "category.option"
    // or "category[num].option". Available categories and options are listed in
    // the Gmsh reference manual.
    GMSH_API void setNumber(const std::string & name,
                            const double value);

    // Get the `value' of a numerical option.
    GMSH_API void getNumber(const std::string & name,
                            double & value);

    // Set a string option to `value'.
    GMSH_API void setString(const std::string & name,
                            const std::string & value);

    // Get the `value' of a string option.
    GMSH_API void getString(const std::string & name,
                            std::string & value);

  } // namespace option

  namespace model { // Per-model functions

    // Add a new model, with name `name', and set it as the current model.
    GMSH_API void add(const std::string & name);

    // Remove the current model.
    GMSH_API void remove();

    // List the names of all models.
    GMSH_API void list(std::vector<std::string> & names);

    // Set the current model to the model with name `name'. If several models have
    // the same name, select the one that was added first.
    GMSH_API void setCurrent(const std::string & name);

    // Get all the (elementary) geometrical entities in the current model. If `dim'
    // is >= 0, return only the entities of the specified dimension (e.g. points if
    // `dim' == 0). The entities are returned as a vector of (dim, tag) integer
    // pairs.
    GMSH_API void getEntities(gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                              const int dim = -1);

    // Get all the physical groups in the current model. If `dim' is >= 0, return
    // only the entities of the specified dimension (e.g. physical points if `dim'
    // == 0). The entities are returned as a vector of (dim, tag) integer pairs.
    GMSH_API void getPhysicalGroups(gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                                    const int dim = -1);

    // Get the tags of the geometrical entities making up the physical group of
    // dimension `dim' and tag `tag'.
    GMSH_API void getEntitiesForPhysicalGroup(const int dim,
                                              const int tag,
                                              std::vector<int> & tags);

    // Get the tags of the physical groups (if any) to which the geometrical entity
    // of dimension `dim' and tag `tag' belongs.
    GMSH_API void getPhysicalGroupsForEntity(const int dim,
                                             const int tag,
                                             std::vector<int> & physicalTags);

    // Add a physical group of dimension `dim', grouping the elementary entities
    // with tags `tags'. Return the tag of the physical group, equal to `tag' if
    // `tag' is positive, or a new tag if `tag' < 0.
    GMSH_API int addPhysicalGroup(const int dim,
                                  const std::vector<int> & tags,
                                  const int tag = -1);

    // Set the name of the physical group of dimension `dim' and tag `tag'.
    GMSH_API void setPhysicalName(const int dim,
                                  const int tag,
                                  const std::string & name);

    // Get the name of the physical group of dimension `dim' and tag `tag'.
    GMSH_API void getPhysicalName(const int dim,
                                  const int tag,
                                  std::string & name);

    // Get the boundary of the geometrical entities `dimTags'. Return in
    // `outDimTags' the boundary of the individual entities (if `combined' is
    // false) or the boundary of the combined geometrical shape formed by all input
    // entities (if `combined' is true). Return tags multiplied by the sign of the
    // boundary entity if `oriented' is true. Apply the boundary operator
    // recursively down to dimension 0 (i.e. to points) if `recursive' is true.
    GMSH_API void getBoundary(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                              gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                              const bool combined = true,
                              const bool oriented = true,
                              const bool recursive = false);

    // Get the (elementary) geometrical entities in the bounding box defined by the
    // two points (`xmin', `ymin', `zmin') and (`xmax', `ymax', `zmax'). If `dim'
    // is >= 0, return only the entities of the specified dimension (e.g. points if
    // `dim' == 0).
    GMSH_API void getEntitiesInBoundingBox(const double xmin,
                                           const double ymin,
                                           const double zmin,
                                           const double xmax,
                                           const double ymax,
                                           const double zmax,
                                           gmsh::vectorpair & tags,
                                           const int dim = -1);

    // Get the bounding box (`xmin', `ymin', `zmin'), (`xmax', `ymax', `zmax') of
    // the geometrical entity of dimension `dim' and tag `tag'.
    GMSH_API void getBoundingBox(const int dim,
                                 const int tag,
                                 double & xmin,
                                 double & ymin,
                                 double & zmin,
                                 double & xmax,
                                 double & ymax,
                                 double & zmax);

    // Get the geometrical dimension of the current model.
    GMSH_API int getDimension();

    // Add a discrete geometrical entity (defined by a mesh) of dimension `dim' in
    // the current model. Return the tag of the new discrete entity, equal to `tag'
    // if `tag' is positive, or a new tag if `tag' < 0. `boundary' specifies the
    // tags of the entities on the boundary of the discrete entity, if any.
    // Specyfing `boundary' allows Gmsh to construct the topology of the overall
    // model.
    GMSH_API int addDiscreteEntity(const int dim,
                                   const int tag = -1,
                                   const std::vector<int> & boundary = std::vector<int>());

    // Remove the entities `dimTags' of the current model. If `recursive' is true,
    // remove all the entities on their boundaries, down to dimension 0.
    GMSH_API void removeEntities(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                                 const bool recursive = false);

    // Get the type of the entity of dimension `dim' and tag `tag'.
    GMSH_API void getType(const int dim,
                          const int tag,
                          std::string & entityType);

    // In a partitioned model, get the parent of the entity of dimension `dim' and
    // tag `tag', i.e. from which the entity is a part of, if any. `parentDim' and
    // `parentTag' are set to -1 if the entity has no parent.
    GMSH_API void getParent(const int dim,
                            const int tag,
                            int & parentDim,
                            int & parentTag);

    // Evaluate the parametrization of the entity of dimension `dim' and tag `tag'
    // at the parametric coordinates `parametricCoord' and return triplets of x, y,
    // z coordinates in `points'. Only valid for `dim' equal to 0, 1 (with
    // `parametricCoord' containing parametric coordinates on the curve) or 2 (with
    // `parametricCoord' containing pairs of u, v parametric coordinates on the
    // surface, concatenated),
    GMSH_API void getValue(const int dim,
                           const int tag,
                           const std::vector<double> & parametricCoord,
                           std::vector<double> & points);

    // Evaluate the derivative of the parametrization of the entity of dimension
    // `dim' and tag `tag' at the parametric coordinates `parametricCoord'. Only
    // valid for `dim' equal to 1 (with `parametricCoord' containing parametric
    // coordinates on the curve) or 2 (with `parametricCoord' containing pairs of
    // u, v parametric coordinates on the surface, concatenated).
    GMSH_API void getDerivative(const int dim,
                                const int tag,
                                const std::vector<double> & parametricCoord,
                                std::vector<double> & derivatives);

    // Evaluate the (maximum) curvature of the entity of dimension `dim' and tag
    // `tag' at the parametric coordinates `parametricCoord'. Only valid for `dim'
    // equal to 1 (with `parametricCoord' containing parametric coordinates on the
    // curve) or 2 (with `parametricCoord' containing pairs of u, v parametric
    // coordinates on the surface, concatenated).
    GMSH_API void getCurvature(const int dim,
                               const int tag,
                               const std::vector<double> & parametricCoord,
                               std::vector<double> & curvatures);

    // Evaluate the principal curvatures of the surface with tag `tag' at the
    // parametric coordinates `parametricCoord', as well as their respective
    // directions. `parametricCoord' are given by pair of u and v coordinates,
    // concatenated.
    GMSH_API void getPrincipalCurvatures(const int tag,
                                         const std::vector<double> & parametricCoord,
                                         std::vector<double> & curvatureMax,
                                         std::vector<double> & curvatureMin,
                                         std::vector<double> & directionMax,
                                         std::vector<double> & directionMin);

    // Get the normal to the surface with tag `tag' at the parametric coordinates
    // `parametricCoord'. `parametricCoord' are given by pair of u and v
    // coordinates, concatenated. `normals' are returned as triplets of x, y and z
    // components, concatenated.
    GMSH_API void getNormal(const int tag,
                            const std::vector<double> & parametricCoord,
                            std::vector<double> & normals);

    // Set the visibility of the geometrical entities `dimTags' to `value'. Apply
    // the visibility setting recursively if `recursive' is true.
    GMSH_API void setVisibility(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                                const int value,
                                const bool recursive = false);

    // Get the visibility of the geometrical entity of dimension `dim' and tag
    // `tag'.
    GMSH_API void getVisibility(const int dim,
                                const int tag,
                                int & value);

    // Set the color of the geometrical entities `dimTags' to the RGBA value (`r',
    // `g', `b', `a'), where `r', `g', `b' and `a' should be integers between 0 and
    // 255. Apply the color setting recursively if `recursive' is true.
    GMSH_API void setColor(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                           const int r,
                           const int g,
                           const int b,
                           const int a = 0,
                           const bool recursive = false);

    // Get the color of the geometrical entity of dimension `dim' and tag `tag'.
    GMSH_API void getColor(const int dim,
                           const int tag,
                           int & r,
                           int & g,
                           int & b,
                           int & a);

    namespace mesh { // Per-model meshing functions

      // Generate a mesh of the current model, up to dimension `dim' (0, 1, 2 or
      // 3).
      GMSH_API void generate(const int dim = 3);

      // Partition the mesh of the current model into `numPart' partitions.
      GMSH_API void partition(const int numPart);

      // Refine the mesh of the current model by uniformly splitting the elements.
      GMSH_API void refine();

      // Set the order of the elements in the mesh of the current model to `order'.
      GMSH_API void setOrder(const int order);

      // Get the last entities (if any) where a meshing error occurred. Currently
      // only populated by the new 3D meshing algorithms.
      GMSH_API void getLastEntityError(gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags);

      // Get the last nodes (if any) where a meshing error occurred. Currently only
      // populated by the new 3D meshing algorithms.
      GMSH_API void getLastNodeError(std::vector<int> & nodeTags);

      // Get the nodes classified on the entity of dimension `dim' and tag `tag'.
      // If `tag' < 0, get the nodes for all entities of dimension `dim'. If `dim'
      // and `tag' are negative, get all the nodes in the mesh. `nodeTags' contains
      // the node tags (their unique, strictly positive identification numbers).
      // `coord' is a vector of length 3 times the length of `nodeTags' that
      // contains the (x, y, z) coordinates of the nodes, concatenated. If `dim' >=
      // 0, `parametricCoord' contains the parametric coordinates u or (u, v) the
      // nodes, if available. The length of `parametricCoord' can be 0 or `dim'
      // times the length of `nodeTags'. If `includeBoundary' is set, also return
      // the nodes classified on the boundary of the entity (wich will be
      // reparametrized on the entity if `dim' >= 0 in order to compute their
      // parametric coordinates).
      GMSH_API void getNodes(std::vector<int> & nodeTags,
                             std::vector<double> & coord,
                             std::vector<double> & parametricCoord,
                             const int dim = -1,
                             const int tag = -1,
                             const bool includeBoundary = false);

      // Get the coordinates and the parametric coordinates (if any) of the node
      // with tag `tag'. This is a sometimes useful but inefficient way of
      // accessing nodes, as it relies on a cache stored in the model. For large
      // meshes all the nodes in the model should be numbered in a continuous
      // sequence of tags from 1 to N to maintain reasonnable performance (in this
      // case the internal cache is based on a vector; otherwise it uses a map).
      GMSH_API void getNode(const int nodeTag,
                            std::vector<double> & coord,
                            std::vector<double> & parametricCoord);

      // Rebuild the node cache.
      GMSH_API void rebuildNodeCache(const bool onlyIfNecessary = true);

      // Get the nodes from all the elements belonging to the physical group of
      // dimension `dim' and tag `tag'. `nodeTags' contains the node tags; `coord'
      // is a vector of length 3 times the length of `nodeTags' that contains the
      // (x, y, z) coordinates of the nodes, concatenated.
      GMSH_API void getNodesForPhysicalGroup(const int dim,
                                             const int tag,
                                             std::vector<int> & nodeTags,
                                             std::vector<double> & coord);

      // Set the nodes classified on the geometrical entity of dimension `dim' and
      // tag `tag'. `nodeTags' contains the node tags (their unique, strictly
      // positive identification numbers). `coord' is a vector of length 3 times
      // the length of `nodeTags' that contains the (x, y, z) coordinates of the
      // nodes, concatenated. The optional `parametricCoord' vector contains the
      // parametric coordinates of the nodes, if any. The length of
      // `parametricCoord' can be 0 or `dim' times the length of `nodeTags'.
      GMSH_API void setNodes(const int dim,
                             const int tag,
                             const std::vector<int> & nodeTags,
                             const std::vector<double> & coord,
                             const std::vector<double> & parametricCoord = std::vector<double>());

      // Reclassify all nodes on their associated geometrical entity, based on the
      // elements. Can be used when importing nodes in bulk (e.g. by associating
      // them all to a single volume), to reclassify them correctly on model
      // surfaces, curves, etc. after the elements have been set.
      GMSH_API void reclassifyNodes();

      // Get the elements classified on the entity of dimension `dim' and tag
      // `tag'. If `tag' < 0, get the elements for all entities of dimension `dim'.
      // If `dim' and `tag' are negative, get all the elements in the mesh.
      // `elementTypes' contains the MSH types of the elements (e.g. `2' for 3-node
      // triangles: see `getElementProperties' to obtain the properties for a given
      // element type). `elementTags' is a vector of the same length as
      // `elementTypes'; each entry is a vector containing the tags (unique,
      // strictly positive identifiers) of the elements of the corresponding type.
      // `nodeTags' is also a vector of the same length as `elementTypes'; each
      // entry is a vector of length equal to the number of elements of the given
      // type times the number of nodes for this type of element, that contains the
      // node tags of all the elements of the given type, concatenated.
      GMSH_API void getElements(std::vector<int> & elementTypes,
                                std::vector<std::vector<int> > & elementTags,
                                std::vector<std::vector<int> > & nodeTags,
                                const int dim = -1,
                                const int tag = -1);

      // Get the type and node tags of the element with tag `tag'. This is a
      // sometimes useful but inefficient way of accessing elements, as it relies
      // on a cache stored in the model. For large meshes all the elements in the
      // model should be numbered in a continuous sequence of tags from 1 to N to
      // maintain reasonnable performance (in this case the internal cache is based
      // on a vector; otherwise it uses a map).
      GMSH_API void getElement(const int elementTag,
                               int & elementType,
                               std::vector<int> & nodeTags);

      // Get the tag, type and node tags of the element located at coordinates
      // (`x', `y', `z'). This is a sometimes useful but inefficient way of
      // accessing elements, as it relies on a search in a spatial octree.
      GMSH_API void getElementByCoordinates(const double x,
                                            const double y,
                                            const double z,
                                            int & elementTag,
                                            int & elementType,
                                            std::vector<int> & nodeTags);

      // Set the elements of the entity of dimension `dim' and tag `tag'. `types'
      // contains the MSH types of the elements (e.g. `2' for 3-node triangles: see
      // the Gmsh reference manual). `elementTags' is a vector of the same length
      // as `types'; each entry is a vector containing the tags (unique, strictly
      // positive identifiers) of the elements of the corresponding type.
      // `nodeTags' is also a vector of the same length as `types'; each entry is a
      // vector of length equal to the number of elements of the give type times
      // the number of nodes per element, that contains the node tags of all the
      // elements of the given type, concatenated.
      GMSH_API void setElements(const int dim,
                                const int tag,
                                const std::vector<int> & elementTypes,
                                const std::vector<std::vector<int> > & elementTags,
                                const std::vector<std::vector<int> > & nodeTags);

      // Get the types of elements in the entity of dimension `dim' and tag `tag'.
      // If `tag' < 0, get the types for all entities of dimension `dim'. If `dim'
      // and `tag' are negative, get all the types in the mesh.
      GMSH_API void getElementTypes(std::vector<int> & elementTypes,
                                    const int dim = -1,
                                    const int tag = -1);

      // Get the properties of an element of type `elementType': its name
      // (`elementName'), dimension (`dim'), order (`order'), number of nodes
      // (`numNodes') and parametric node coordinates (`parametricCoord' vector, of
      // length `dim' times `numNodes').
      GMSH_API void getElementProperties(const int elementType,
                                         std::string & elementName,
                                         int & dim,
                                         int & order,
                                         int & numNodes,
                                         std::vector<double> & parametricCoord);

      // Get the elements of type `elementType' classified on the entity of of tag
      // `tag'. If `tag' < 0, get the elements for all entities. `elementTags' is a
      // vector containing the tags (unique, strictly positive identifiers) of the
      // elements of the corresponding type. `nodeTags' is a vector of length equal
      // to the number of elements of the given type times the number of nodes for
      // this type of element, that contains the node tags of all the elements of
      // the given type, concatenated. If `numTasks' > 1, only compute and return
      // the part of the data indexed by `task'.
      GMSH_API void getElementsByType(const int elementType,
                                      std::vector<int> & elementTags,
                                      std::vector<int> & nodeTags,
                                      const int tag = -1,
                                      const size_t task = 0,
                                      const size_t numTasks = 1);

      // Preallocate the data for `getElementsByType'. This is necessary only if
      // `getElementsByType' is called with `numTasks' > 1.
      GMSH_API void preallocateElementsByType(const int elementType,
                                              const bool elementTag,
                                              const bool nodeTag,
                                              std::vector<int> & elementTags,
                                              std::vector<int> & nodeTags,
                                              const int tag = -1);

      // Get the Jacobians of all the elements of type `elementType' classified on
      // the entity of dimension `dim' and tag `tag', at the integration points
      // required by the `integrationType' integration rule (e.g. "Gauss4"). Data
      // is returned by element, with elements in the same order as in
      // `getElements' and `getElementsByType'. `jacobians' contains for each
      // element the 9 entries of a 3x3 Jacobian matrix (by row), for each
      // integration point. `determinants' contains for each element the
      // determinant of the Jacobian matrix for each integration point. `points'
      // contains for each element the (x, y, z) coordinates of the integration
      // points. If `tag' < 0, get the Jacobian data for all entities. If
      // `numTasks' > 1, only compute and return the part of the data indexed by
      // `task'.
      GMSH_API void getJacobians(const int elementType,
                                 const std::string & integrationType,
                                 std::vector<double> & jacobians,
                                 std::vector<double> & determinants,
                                 std::vector<double> & points,
                                 const int tag = -1,
                                 const size_t task = 0,
                                 const size_t numTasks = 1);

      // Preallocate the data required by `getJacobians'. This is necessary only if
      // `getJacobians' is called with `numTasks' > 1.
      GMSH_API void preallocateJacobians(const int elementType,
                                         const std::string & integrationType,
                                         const bool jacobian,
                                         const bool determinant,
                                         const bool point,
                                         std::vector<double> & jacobians,
                                         std::vector<double> & determinants,
                                         std::vector<double> & points,
                                         const int tag = -1);

      // Get the basis functions of the element of type `elementType' for the given
      // `integrationType' integration rule (e.g. "Gauss4") and `functionSpaceType'
      // function space (e.g. "IsoParametric"). `integrationPoints' contains the
      // parametric coordinates (u, v, w) and the weight for each integeration
      // point, concatenated. `numComponents' returns the number of components of a
      // basis function. `basisFunctions' contains the evaluation of the basis
      // functions at the integration points.
      GMSH_API void getBasisFunctions(const int elementType,
                                      const std::string & integrationType,
                                      const std::string & functionSpaceType,
                                      std::vector<double> & integrationPoints,
                                      int & numComponents,
                                      std::vector<double> & basisFunctions);

      // Precomputes the basis functions corresponding to `elementType'.
      GMSH_API void precomputeBasisFunctions(const int elementType);

      // Get the barycenters of all elements of type `elementType' classified on
      // the entity of tag `tag'. If `primary' is set, only the primary nodes of
      // the elements are taken into account for the barycenter calculation. If
      // `fast' is set, the function returns the sum of the primary node
      // coordinates (without normalizing by the number of nodes). If `numTasks' >
      // 1, only compute and return the part of the data indexed by `task'.
      GMSH_API void getBarycenters(const int elementType,
                                   const int tag,
                                   const bool fast,
                                   const bool primary,
                                   std::vector<double> & barycenters,
                                   const size_t task = 0,
                                   const size_t numTasks = 1);

      // Preallocate the data required by `getBarycenters'. This is necessary only
      // if `getBarycenters' is called with `numTasks' > 1.
      GMSH_API void preallocateBarycenters(const int elementType,
                                           std::vector<double> & barycenters,
                                           const int tag = -1);

      // Set a mesh size constraint on the geometrical entities `dimTags'.
      // Currently only entities of dimension 0 (points) are handled.
      GMSH_API void setSize(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                            const double size);

      // Set a transfinite meshing constraint on the curve `tag', with `numNodes'
      // nodes distributed according to `meshType' and `coef'. Currently supported
      // types are "Progression" (geometrical progression with power `coef') and
      // "Bump" (refinement toward both extremities of the curve).
      GMSH_API void setTransfiniteCurve(const int tag,
                                        const int numNodes,
                                        const std::string & meshType = "Progression",
                                        const double coef = 1.);

      // Set a transfinite meshing constraint on the surface `tag'. `arrangement'
      // describes the arrangement of the triangles when the surface is not flagged
      // as recombined: currently supported values are "Left", "Right",
      // "AlternateLeft" and "AlternateRight". `cornerTags' can be used to specify
      // the (3 or 4) corners of the transfinite interpolation explicitly;
      // specifying the corners explicitly is mandatory if the surface has more
      // that 3 or 4 points on its boundary.
      GMSH_API void setTransfiniteSurface(const int tag,
                                          const std::string & arrangement = "Left",
                                          const std::vector<int> & cornerTags = std::vector<int>());

      // Set a transfinite meshing constraint on the surface `tag'. `cornerTags'
      // can be used to specify the (6 or 8) corners of the transfinite
      // interpolation explicitly.
      GMSH_API void setTransfiniteVolume(const int tag,
                                         const std::vector<int> & cornerTags = std::vector<int>());

      // Set a recombination meshing constraint on the geometrical entity of
      // dimension `dim' and tag `tag'. Currently only entities of dimension 2 (to
      // recombine triangles into quadrangles) are supported.
      GMSH_API void setRecombine(const int dim,
                                 const int tag);

      // Set a smoothing meshing constraint on the geometrical entity of dimension
      // `dim' and tag `tag'. `val' iterations of a Laplace smoother are applied.
      GMSH_API void setSmoothing(const int dim,
                                 const int tag,
                                 const int val);

      // Set a reverse meshing constraint on the geometrical entity of dimension
      // `dim' and tag `tag'. If `val' is true, the mesh orientation will be
      // reversed with respect to the natural mesh orientation (i.e. the
      // orientation consistent with the orientation of the geometrical entity). If
      // `val' is false, the mesh is left as-is.
      GMSH_API void setReverse(const int dim,
                               const int tag,
                               const bool val = true);

      // Set meshing constraints on the bounding surfaces of the volume of tag
      // `tag' so that all surfaces are oriented with outward pointing normals.
      // Currently only available with the OpenCASCADE kernel, as it relies on the
      // STL triangulation.
      GMSH_API void setOutwardOrientation(const int tag);

      // Embed the geometrical entities of dimension `dim' and tags `tags' in the
      // (inDim, inTag) geometrical entity. `inDim' must be strictly greater than
      // `dim'.
      GMSH_API void embed(const int dim,
                          const std::vector<int> & tags,
                          const int inDim,
                          const int inTag);

      // Reorder the elements of type `elementType' classified on the entity of tag
      // `tag' according to `ordering'.
      GMSH_API void reorderElements(const int elementType,
                                    const int tag,
                                    const std::vector<int> & ordering);

      // Renumber the node tags in a contiunous sequence.
      GMSH_API void renumberNodes();

      // Renumber the element tags in a contiunous sequence.
      GMSH_API void renumberElements();

      // Set the meshes of the entities of dimension `dim' and tag `tags' as
      // periodic copies of the meshes of entities `tagsSource', using the affine
      // transformation specified in `affineTransformation' (16 entries of a 4x4
      // matrix, by row). Currently only available for `dim' == 1 and `dim' == 2.
      GMSH_API void setPeriodic(const int dim,
                                const std::vector<int> & tags,
                                const std::vector<int> & tagsSource,
                                const std::vector<double> & affineTransformation);

      // Get the master entity, periodic node pairs and affine transform for the
      // entity of dimension `dim' and tag `tag'.
      GMSH_API void getPeriodicNodes(const int dim,
                                     const int tag,
                                     int & tagMaster,
                                     gmsh::vectorpair & nodes,
                                     std::vector<double> & affineTransform);

      // Remove duplicate nodes in the mesh of the current model.
      GMSH_API void removeDuplicateNodes();

      // Create a boundary representation from the mesh if the model does not have
      // one (e.g. when imported from mesh file formats with no BRep representation
      // of the underlying model). Warning: this is an experimental feature.
      GMSH_API void createTopology();

      // Create a parametrization for curves and surfaces that do not have one
      // (i.e. discrete curves and surfaces represented solely by meshes, without
      // an underlying CAD description). Warning: this is an experimental feature.
      GMSH_API void createGeometry();

      // Compute a basis representation for homology spaces after a mesh has been
      // generated. The computation domain is given in a list of physical group
      // tags `domainTags'; if empty, the whole mesh is the domain. The computation
      // subdomain for relative homology computation is given in a list of physical
      // group tags `subdomainTags'; if empty, absolute homology is computed. The
      // dimensions homology bases to be computed are given in the list `dim'; if
      // empty, all bases are computed. Resulting basis representation chains are
      // stored as physical groups in the mesh.
      GMSH_API void computeHomology(const std::vector<int> & domainTags = std::vector<int>(),
                                    const std::vector<int> & subdomainTags = std::vector<int>(),
                                    const std::vector<int> & dims = std::vector<int>());

      // Compute a basis representation for cohomology spaces after a mesh has been
      // generated. The computation domain is given in a list of physical group
      // tags `domainTags'; if empty, the whole mesh is the domain. The computation
      // subdomain for relative cohomology computation is given in a list of
      // physical group tags `subdomainTags'; if empty, absolute cohomology is
      // computed. The dimensions homology bases to be computed are given in the
      // list `dim'; if empty, all bases are computed. Resulting basis
      // representation cochains are stored as physical groups in the mesh.
      GMSH_API void computeCohomology(const std::vector<int> & domainTags = std::vector<int>(),
                                      const std::vector<int> & subdomainTags = std::vector<int>(),
                                      const std::vector<int> & dims = std::vector<int>());

      namespace field { // Per-model mesh size field functions

        // Add a new mesh size field of type `fieldType'. If `tag' is positive,
        // assign the tag explcitly; otherwise a new tag is assigned automatically.
        // Return the field tag.
        GMSH_API int add(const std::string & fieldType,
                         const int tag = -1);

        // Remove the field with tag `tag'.
        GMSH_API void remove(const int tag);

        // Set the numerical option `option' to value `value' for field `tag'.
        GMSH_API void setNumber(const int tag,
                                const std::string & option,
                                const double value);

        // Set the string option `option' to value `value' for field `tag'.
        GMSH_API void setString(const int tag,
                                const std::string & option,
                                const std::string & value);

        // Set the numerical list option `option' to value `value' for field `tag'.
        GMSH_API void setNumbers(const int tag,
                                 const std::string & option,
                                 const std::vector<double> & value);

        // Set the field `tag' as the background mesh size field.
        GMSH_API void setAsBackgroundMesh(const int tag);

        // Set the field `tag' as a boundary layer size field.
        GMSH_API void setAsBoundaryLayer(const int tag);

      } // namespace field

    } // namespace mesh

    namespace geo { // Internal per-model GEO CAD kernel functions

      // Add a geometrical point in the internal GEO CAD representation, at
      // coordinates (x, y, z). If `meshSize' is > 0, add a meshing constraint at
      // that point. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new
      // tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the point. (Note that the
      // point will be added in the current model only after `synchronize' is
      // called. This behavior holds for all the entities added in the geo module.)
      GMSH_API int addPoint(const double x,
                            const double y,
                            const double z,
                            const double meshSize = 0.,
                            const int tag = -1);

      // Add a straight line segment between the two points with tags `startTag'
      // and `endTag'. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a
      // new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the line.
      GMSH_API int addLine(const int startTag,
                           const int endTag,
                           const int tag = -1);

      // Add a circle arc (stricly smaller than Pi) between the two points with
      // tags `startTag' and `endTag', with center `centertag'. If `tag' is
      // positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected
      // automatically. If (`nx', `ny', `nz') != (0,0,0), explicitely set the plane
      // of the circle arc. Return the tag of the circle arc.
      GMSH_API int addCircleArc(const int startTag,
                                const int centerTag,
                                const int endTag,
                                const int tag = -1,
                                const double nx = 0.,
                                const double ny = 0.,
                                const double nz = 0.);

      // Add an ellipse arc (stricly smaller than Pi) between the two points
      // `startTag' and `endTag', with center `centertag' and major axis point
      // `majorTag'. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new
      // tag is selected automatically. If (`nx', `ny', `nz') != (0,0,0),
      // explicitely set the plane of the circle arc. Return the tag of the ellipse
      // arc.
      GMSH_API int addEllipseArc(const int startTag,
                                 const int centerTag,
                                 const int majorTag,
                                 const int endTag,
                                 const int tag = -1,
                                 const double nx = 0.,
                                 const double ny = 0.,
                                 const double nz = 0.);

      // Add a spline (Catmull-Rom) curve going through the points `pointTags'. If
      // `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected
      // automatically. Create a periodic curve if the first and last points are
      // the same. Return the tag of the spline curve.
      GMSH_API int addSpline(const std::vector<int> & pointTags,
                             const int tag = -1);

      // Add a cubic b-spline curve with `pointTags' control points. If `tag' is
      // positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected
      // automatically. Creates a periodic curve if the first and last points are
      // the same. Return the tag of the b-spline curve.
      GMSH_API int addBSpline(const std::vector<int> & pointTags,
                              const int tag = -1);

      // Add a Bezier curve with `pointTags' control points. If `tag' is positive,
      // set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected automatically.
      // Return the tag of the Bezier curve.
      GMSH_API int addBezier(const std::vector<int> & pointTags,
                             const int tag = -1);

      // Add a curve loop (a closed wire) formed by the curves `curveTags'.
      // `curveTags' should contain (signed) tags of geometrical enties of
      // dimension 1 forming a closed loop: a negative tag signifies that the
      // underlying curve is considered with reversed orientation. If `tag' is
      // positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected
      // automatically. Return the tag of the curve loop.
      GMSH_API int addCurveLoop(const std::vector<int> & curveTags,
                                const int tag = -1);

      // Add a plane surface defined by one or more curve loops `wireTags'. The
      // first curve loop defines the exterior contour; additional curve loop
      // define holes. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a
      // new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the surface.
      GMSH_API int addPlaneSurface(const std::vector<int> & wireTags,
                                   const int tag = -1);

      // Add a surface filling the curve loops in `wireTags'. Currently only a
      // single curve loop is supported; this curve loop should be composed by 3 or
      // 4 curves only. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a
      // new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the surface.
      GMSH_API int addSurfaceFilling(const std::vector<int> & wireTags,
                                     const int tag = -1,
                                     const int sphereCenterTag = -1);

      // Add a surface loop (a closed shell) formed by `surfaceTags'.  If `tag' is
      // positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected
      // automatically. Return the tag of the shell.
      GMSH_API int addSurfaceLoop(const std::vector<int> & surfaceTags,
                                  const int tag = -1);

      // Add a volume (a region) defined by one or more shells `shellTags'. The
      // first surface loop defines the exterior boundary; additional surface loop
      // define holes. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a
      // new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the volume.
      GMSH_API int addVolume(const std::vector<int> & shellTags,
                             const int tag = -1);

      // Extrude the geometrical entities `dimTags' by translation along (`dx',
      // `dy', `dz'). Return extruded entities in `outDimTags'. If `numElements' is
      // not empty, also extrude the mesh: the entries in `numElements' give the
      // number of elements in each layer. If `height' is not empty, it provides
      // the (cummulative) height of the different layers, normalized to 1.
      GMSH_API void extrude(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                            const double dx,
                            const double dy,
                            const double dz,
                            gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                            const std::vector<int> & numElements = std::vector<int>(),
                            const std::vector<double> & heights = std::vector<double>(),
                            const bool recombine = false);

      // Extrude the geometrical entities `dimTags' by rotation of `angle' radians
      // around the axis of revolution defined by the point (`x', `y', `z') and the
      // direction (`ax', `ay', `az'). Return extruded entities in `outDimTags'. If
      // `numElements' is not empty, also extrude the mesh: the entries in
      // `numElements' give the number of elements in each layer. If `height' is
      // not empty, it provides the (cummulative) height of the different layers,
      // normalized to 1.
      GMSH_API void revolve(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                            const double x,
                            const double y,
                            const double z,
                            const double ax,
                            const double ay,
                            const double az,
                            const double angle,
                            gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                            const std::vector<int> & numElements = std::vector<int>(),
                            const std::vector<double> & heights = std::vector<double>(),
                            const bool recombine = false);

      // Extrude the geometrical entities `dimTags' by a combined translation and
      // rotation of `angle' radians, along (`dx', `dy', `dz') and around the axis
      // of revolution defined by the point (`x', `y', `z') and the direction
      // (`ax', `ay', `az'). Return extruded entities in `outDimTags'. If
      // `numElements' is not empty, also extrude the mesh: the entries in
      // `numElements' give the number of elements in each layer. If `height' is
      // not empty, it provides the (cummulative) height of the different layers,
      // normalized to 1.
      GMSH_API void twist(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                          const double x,
                          const double y,
                          const double z,
                          const double dx,
                          const double dy,
                          const double dz,
                          const double ax,
                          const double ay,
                          const double az,
                          const double angle,
                          gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                          const std::vector<int> & numElements = std::vector<int>(),
                          const std::vector<double> & heights = std::vector<double>(),
                          const bool recombine = false);

      // Translate the geometrical entities `dimTags' along (`dx', `dy', `dz').
      GMSH_API void translate(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                              const double dx,
                              const double dy,
                              const double dz);

      // Rotate the geometrical entities `dimTags' of `angle' radians around the
      // axis of revolution defined by the point (`x', `y', `z') and the direction
      // (`ax', `ay', `az').
      GMSH_API void rotate(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                           const double x,
                           const double y,
                           const double z,
                           const double ax,
                           const double ay,
                           const double az,
                           const double angle);

      // Scale the geometrical entities `dimTag' by factors `a', `b' and `c' along
      // the three coordinate axes; use (`x', `y', `z') as the center of the
      // homothetic transformation.
      GMSH_API void dilate(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                           const double x,
                           const double y,
                           const double z,
                           const double a,
                           const double b,
                           const double c);

      // Apply a symmetry transformation to the geometrical entities `dimTag', with
      // respect to the plane of equation `a' * x + `b' * y + `c' * z + `d' = 0.
      GMSH_API void symmetrize(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                               const double a,
                               const double b,
                               const double c,
                               const double d);

      // Copy the entities `dimTags'; the new entities are returned in
      // `outDimTags'.
      GMSH_API void copy(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                         gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags);

      // Remove the entities `dimTags'. If `recursive' is true, remove all the
      // entities on their boundaries, down to dimension 0.
      GMSH_API void remove(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                           const bool recursive = false);

      // Remove all duplicate entities (different entities at the same geometrical
      // location).
      GMSH_API void removeAllDuplicates();

      // Synchronize the internal GEO CAD representation with the current Gmsh
      // model. This can be called at any time, but since it involves a non trivial
      // amount of processing, the number of synchronization points should normally
      // be minimized.
      GMSH_API void synchronize();

      namespace mesh { // GEO-specific meshing constraints

        // Set a mesh size constraint on the geometrical entities `dimTags'.
        // Currently only entities of dimension 0 (points) are handled.
        GMSH_API void setSize(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                              const double size);

        // Set a transfinite meshing constraint on the curve `tag', with `numNodes'
        // nodes distributed according to `meshType' and `coef'. Currently
        // supported types are "Progression" (geometrical progression with power
        // `coef') and "Bump" (refinement toward both extreminties of the curve).
        GMSH_API void setTransfiniteCurve(const int tag,
                                          const int nPoints,
                                          const std::string & meshType = "Progression",
                                          const double coef = 1.);

        // Set a transfinite meshing constraint on the surface `tag'. `arrangement'
        // describes the arrangement of the triangles when the surface is not
        // flagged as recombined: currently supported values are "Left", "Right",
        // "AlternateLeft" and "AlternateRight". `cornerTags' can be used to
        // specify the (3 or 4) corners of the transfinite interpolation
        // explicitly; specifying the corners explicitly is mandatory if the
        // surface has more that 3 or 4 points on its boundary.
        GMSH_API void setTransfiniteSurface(const int tag,
                                            const std::string & arrangement = "Left",
                                            const std::vector<int> & cornerTags = std::vector<int>());

        // Set a transfinite meshing constraint on the surface `tag'. `cornerTags'
        // can be used to specify the (6 or 8) corners of the transfinite
        // interpolation explicitly.
        GMSH_API void setTransfiniteVolume(const int tag,
                                           const std::vector<int> & cornerTags = std::vector<int>());

        // Set a recombination meshing constraint on the geometrical entity of
        // dimension `dim' and tag `tag'. Currently only entities of dimension 2
        // (to recombine triangles into quadrangles) are supported.
        GMSH_API void setRecombine(const int dim,
                                   const int tag,
                                   const double angle = 45.);

        // Set a smoothing meshing constraint on the geometrical entity of
        // dimension `dim' and tag `tag'. `val' iterations of a Laplace smoother
        // are applied.
        GMSH_API void setSmoothing(const int dim,
                                   const int tag,
                                   const int val);

        // Set a reverse meshing constraint on the geometrical entity of dimension
        // `dim' and tag `tag'. If `val' is true, the mesh orientation will be
        // reversed with respect to the natural mesh orientation (i.e. the
        // orientation consistent with the orientation of the geometrical entity).
        // If `val' is false, the mesh is left as-is.
        GMSH_API void setReverse(const int dim,
                                 const int tag,
                                 const bool val = true);

      } // namespace mesh

    } // namespace geo

    namespace occ { // Internal per-model OpenCASCADE CAD kernel functions

      // Add a geometrical point in the internal OpenCASCADE CAD representation, at
      // coordinates (x, y, z). If `meshSize' is > 0, add a meshing constraint at
      // that point. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new
      // tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the point. (Note that the
      // point will be added in the current model only after `synchronize' is
      // called. This behavior holds for all the entities added in the occ module.)
      GMSH_API int addPoint(const double x,
                            const double y,
                            const double z,
                            const double meshSize = 0.,
                            const int tag = -1);

      // Add a straight line segment between the two points with tags `startTag'
      // and `endTag'. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a
      // new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the line.
      GMSH_API int addLine(const int startTag,
                           const int endTag,
                           const int tag = -1);

      // Add a circle arc between the two points with tags `startTag' and `endTag',
      // with center `centerTag'. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly;
      // otherwise a new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the
      // circle arc.
      GMSH_API int addCircleArc(const int startTag,
                                const int centerTag,
                                const int endTag,
                                const int tag = -1);

      // Add a circle of center (`x', `y', `z') and radius `r'. If `tag' is
      // positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected
      // automatically. If `angle1' and `angle2' are specified, create a circle arc
      // between the two angles. Return the tag of the circle.
      GMSH_API int addCircle(const double x,
                             const double y,
                             const double z,
                             const double r,
                             const int tag = -1,
                             const double angle1 = 0.,
                             const double angle2 = 2*M_PI);

      // Add an ellipse arc between the two points with tags `startTag' and
      // `endTag', with center `centerTag'. If `tag' is positive, set the tag
      // explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag
      // of the ellipse arc.
      GMSH_API int addEllipseArc(const int startTag,
                                 const int centerTag,
                                 const int endTag,
                                 const int tag = -1);

      // Add an ellipse of center (`x', `y', `z') and radii `r1' and `r2' along the
      // x- and y-axes respectively. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly;
      // otherwise a new tag is selected automatically. If `angle1' and `angle2'
      // are specified, create an ellipse arc between the two angles. Return the
      // tag of the ellipse.
      GMSH_API int addEllipse(const double x,
                              const double y,
                              const double z,
                              const double r1,
                              const double r2,
                              const int tag = -1,
                              const double angle1 = 0.,
                              const double angle2 = 2*M_PI);

      // Add a spline (C2 b-spline) curve going through the points `pointTags'. If
      // `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected
      // automatically. Create a periodic curve if the first and last points are
      // the same. Return the tag of the spline curve.
      GMSH_API int addSpline(const std::vector<int> & pointTags,
                             const int tag = -1);

      // Add a b-spline curve of degree `degree' with `pointTags' control points.
      // If `weights', `knots' or `multiplicities' are not provided, default
      // parameters are computed automatically. If `tag' is positive, set the tag
      // explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected automatically. Create a
      // periodic curve if the first and last points are the same. Return the tag
      // of the b-spline curve.
      GMSH_API int addBSpline(const std::vector<int> & pointTags,
                              const int tag = -1,
                              const int degree = 3,
                              const std::vector<double> & weights = std::vector<double>(),
                              const std::vector<double> & knots = std::vector<double>(),
                              const std::vector<int> & multiplicities = std::vector<int>());

      // Add a Bezier curve with `pointTags' control points. If `tag' is positive,
      // set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected automatically.
      // Return the tag of the Bezier curve.
      GMSH_API int addBezier(const std::vector<int> & pointTags,
                             const int tag = -1);

      // Add a wire (open or closed) formed by the curves `curveTags'. `curveTags'
      // should contain (signed) tags: a negative tag signifies that the underlying
      // curve is considered with reversed orientation. If `tag' is positive, set
      // the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected automatically. Return
      // the tag of the wire.
      GMSH_API int addWire(const std::vector<int> & curveTags,
                           const int tag = -1,
                           const bool checkClosed = false);

      // Add a curve loop (a closed wire) formed by the curves `curveTags'.
      // `curveTags' should contain tags of curves forming a closed loop. If `tag'
      // is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected
      // automatically. Return the tag of the curve loop.
      GMSH_API int addCurveLoop(const std::vector<int> & curveTags,
                                const int tag = -1);

      // Add a rectangle with lower left corner at (`x', `y', `z') and upper right
      // corner at (`x' + `dx', `y' + `dy', `z'). If `tag' is positive, set the tag
      // explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected automatically. Round the
      // corners if `roundedRadius' is nonzero. Return the tag of the rectangle.
      GMSH_API int addRectangle(const double x,
                                const double y,
                                const double z,
                                const double dx,
                                const double dy,
                                const int tag = -1,
                                const double roundedRadius = 0.);

      // Add a disk with center (`xc', `yc', `zc') and radius `rx' along the x-axis
      // and `ry' along the y-axis. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly;
      // otherwise a new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the disk.
      GMSH_API int addDisk(const double xc,
                           const double yc,
                           const double zc,
                           const double rx,
                           const double ry,
                           const int tag = -1);

      // Add a plane surface defined by one or more curve loops (or closed wires)
      // `wireTags'. The first curve loop defines the exterior contour; additional
      // curve loop define holes. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly;
      // otherwise a new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the
      // surface.
      GMSH_API int addPlaneSurface(const std::vector<int> & wireTags,
                                   const int tag = -1);

      // Add a surface filling the curve loops in `wireTags'. If `tag' is positive,
      // set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected automatically.
      // Return the tag of the surface.
      GMSH_API int addSurfaceFilling(const int wireTag,
                                     const int tag = -1);

      // Add a surface loop (a closed shell) formed by `surfaceTags'.  If `tag' is
      // positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected
      // automatically. Return the tag of the surface loop.
      GMSH_API int addSurfaceLoop(const std::vector<int> & surfaceTags,
                                  const int tag = -1);

      // Add a volume (a region) defined by one or more surface loops `shellTags'.
      // The first surface loop defines the exterior boundary; additional surface
      // loop define holes. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise
      // a new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the volume.
      GMSH_API int addVolume(const std::vector<int> & shellTags,
                             const int tag = -1);

      // Add a sphere of center (`xc', `yc', `zc') and radius `r'. The optional
      // `angle1' and `angle2' arguments define the polar angle opening (from -Pi/2
      // to Pi/2). The optional `angle3' argument defines the azimuthal opening
      // (from 0 to 2*Pi). If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise
      // a new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag of the sphere.
      GMSH_API int addSphere(const double xc,
                             const double yc,
                             const double zc,
                             const double radius,
                             const int tag = -1,
                             const double angle1 = -M_PI/2,
                             const double angle2 = M_PI/2,
                             const double angle3 = 2*M_PI);

      // Add a parallelepipedic box defined by a point (`x', `y', `z') and the
      // extents along the x-, y- and z-axes. If `tag' is positive, set the tag
      // explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag
      // of the box.
      GMSH_API int addBox(const double x,
                          const double y,
                          const double z,
                          const double dx,
                          const double dy,
                          const double dz,
                          const int tag = -1);

      // Add a cylinder, defined by the center (`x', `y', `z') of its first
      // circular face, the 3 components (`dx', `dy', `dz') of the vector defining
      // its axis and its radius `r'. The optional `angle' argument defines the
      // angular opening (from 0 to 2*Pi). If `tag' is positive, set the tag
      // explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected automatically. Return the tag
      // of the cylinder.
      GMSH_API int addCylinder(const double x,
                               const double y,
                               const double z,
                               const double dx,
                               const double dy,
                               const double dz,
                               const double r,
                               const int tag = -1,
                               const double angle = 2*M_PI);

      // Add a cone, defined by the center (`x', `y', `z') of its first circular
      // face, the 3 components of the vector (`dx', `dy', `dz') defining its axis
      // and the two radii `r1' and `r2' of the faces (these radii can be zero). If
      // `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected
      // automatically. `angle' defines the optional angular opening (from 0 to
      // 2*Pi). Return the tag of the cone.
      GMSH_API int addCone(const double x,
                           const double y,
                           const double z,
                           const double dx,
                           const double dy,
                           const double dz,
                           const double r1,
                           const double r2,
                           const int tag = -1,
                           const double angle = 2*M_PI);

      // Add a right angular wedge, defined by the right-angle point (`x', `y',
      // `z') and the 3 extends along the x-, y- and z-axes (`dx', `dy', `dz'). If
      // `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected
      // automatically. The optional argument `ltx' defines the top extent along
      // the x-axis. Return the tag of the wedge.
      GMSH_API int addWedge(const double x,
                            const double y,
                            const double z,
                            const double dx,
                            const double dy,
                            const double dz,
                            const int tag = -1,
                            const double ltx = 0.);

      // Add a torus, defined by its center (`x', `y', `z') and its 2 radii `r' and
      // `r2'. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is
      // selected automatically. The optional argument `angle' defines the angular
      // opening (from 0 to 2*Pi). Return the tag of the wedge.
      GMSH_API int addTorus(const double x,
                            const double y,
                            const double z,
                            const double r1,
                            const double r2,
                            const int tag = -1,
                            const double angle = 2*M_PI);

      // Add a volume (if the optional argument `makeSolid' is set) or surfaces
      // defined through the open or closed wires `wireTags'. If `tag' is positive,
      // set the tag explicitly; otherwise a new tag is selected automatically. The
      // new entities are returned in `outDimTags'. If the optional argument
      // `makeRuled' is set, the surfaces created on the boundary are forced to be
      // ruled surfaces.
      GMSH_API void addThruSections(const std::vector<int> & wireTags,
                                    gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                                    const int tag = -1,
                                    const bool makeSolid = true,
                                    const bool makeRuled = false);

      // Add a hollowed volume built from an initial volume `volumeTag' and a set
      // of faces from this volume `excludeSurfaceTags', which are to be removed.
      // The remaining faces of the volume become the walls of the hollowed solid,
      // with thickness `offset'. If `tag' is positive, set the tag explicitly;
      // otherwise a new tag is selected automatically.
      GMSH_API void addThickSolid(const int volumeTag,
                                  const std::vector<int> & excludeSurfaceTags,
                                  const double offset,
                                  gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                                  const int tag = -1);

      // Extrude the geometrical entities `dimTags' by translation along (`dx',
      // `dy', `dz'). Return extruded entities in `outDimTags'. If `numElements' is
      // not empty, also extrude the mesh: the entries in `numElements' give the
      // number of elements in each layer. If `height' is not empty, it provides
      // the (cummulative) height of the different layers, normalized to 1.
      GMSH_API void extrude(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                            const double dx,
                            const double dy,
                            const double dz,
                            gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                            const std::vector<int> & numElements = std::vector<int>(),
                            const std::vector<double> & heights = std::vector<double>(),
                            const bool recombine = false);

      // Extrude the geometrical entities `dimTags' by rotation of `angle' radians
      // around the axis of revolution defined by the point (`x', `y', `z') and the
      // direction (`ax', `ay', `az'). Return extruded entities in `outDimTags'. If
      // `numElements' is not empty, also extrude the mesh: the entries in
      // `numElements' give the number of elements in each layer. If `height' is
      // not empty, it provides the (cummulative) height of the different layers,
      // normalized to 1.
      GMSH_API void revolve(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                            const double x,
                            const double y,
                            const double z,
                            const double ax,
                            const double ay,
                            const double az,
                            const double angle,
                            gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                            const std::vector<int> & numElements = std::vector<int>(),
                            const std::vector<double> & heights = std::vector<double>(),
                            const bool recombine = false);

      // Add a pipe by extruding the entities `dimTags' along the wire `wireTag'.
      // Return the pipe in `outDimTags'.
      GMSH_API void addPipe(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                            const int wireTag,
                            gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags);

      // Fillet the volumes `volumeTags' on the curves `curveTags' with radii
      // `radii'. The `radii' vector can either contain a single radius, as many
      // radii as `curveTags', or twice as many as `curveTags' (in which case
      // different radii are provided for the begin and end points of the curves).
      // Return the filleted entities in `outDimTags'. Remove the original volume
      // if `removeVolume' is set.
      GMSH_API void fillet(const std::vector<int> & volumeTags,
                           const std::vector<int> & curveTags,
                           const std::vector<double> & radii,
                           gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                           const bool removeVolume = true);

      // Chamfer the volumes `volumeTags' on the curves `curveTags' with distances
      // `distances' measured on surfaces `surfaceTags'. The `distances' vector can
      // either contain a single distance, as many distances as `curveTags' and
      // `surfaceTags', or twice as many as `curveTags' and `surfaceTags' (in which
      // case the first in each pair is measured on the corresponding surface in
      // `surfaceTags', the other on the other adjacent surface). Return the
      // chamfered entities in `outDimTags'. Remove the original volume if
      // `removeVolume' is set.
      GMSH_API void chamfer(const std::vector<int> & volumeTags,
                            const std::vector<int> & curveTags,
                            const std::vector<int> & surfaceTags,
                            const std::vector<double> & distances,
                            gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                            const bool removeVolume = true);

      // Compute the boolean union (the fusion) of the entities `objectDimTags' and
      // `toolDimTags'. Return the resulting entities in `outDimTags'. If `tag' is
      // positive, try to set the tag explicitly (ony valid if the boolean
      // operation results in a single entity). Remove the object if `removeObject'
      // is set. Remove the tool if `removeTool' is set.
      GMSH_API void fuse(const gmsh::vectorpair & objectDimTags,
                         const gmsh::vectorpair & toolDimTags,
                         gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                         std::vector<gmsh::vectorpair> & outDimTagsMap,
                         const int tag = -1,
                         const bool removeObject = true,
                         const bool removeTool = true);

      // Compute the boolean intersection (the common parts) of the entities
      // `objectDimTags' and `toolDimTags'. Return the resulting entities in
      // `outDimTags'. If `tag' is positive, try to set the tag explicitly (ony
      // valid if the boolean operation results in a single entity). Remove the
      // object if `removeObject' is set. Remove the tool if `removeTool' is set.
      GMSH_API void intersect(const gmsh::vectorpair & objectDimTags,
                              const gmsh::vectorpair & toolDimTags,
                              gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                              std::vector<gmsh::vectorpair> & outDimTagsMap,
                              const int tag = -1,
                              const bool removeObject = true,
                              const bool removeTool = true);

      // Compute the boolean difference between the entities `objectDimTags' and
      // `toolDimTags'. Return the resulting entities in `outDimTags'. If `tag' is
      // positive, try to set the tag explicitly (ony valid if the boolean
      // operation results in a single entity). Remove the object if `removeObject'
      // is set. Remove the tool if `removeTool' is set.
      GMSH_API void cut(const gmsh::vectorpair & objectDimTags,
                        const gmsh::vectorpair & toolDimTags,
                        gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                        std::vector<gmsh::vectorpair> & outDimTagsMap,
                        const int tag = -1,
                        const bool removeObject = true,
                        const bool removeTool = true);

      // Compute the boolean fragments (general fuse) of the entities
      // `objectDimTags' and `toolDimTags'. Return the resulting entities in
      // `outDimTags'. If `tag' is positive, try to set the tag explicitly (ony
      // valid if the boolean operation results in a single entity). Remove the
      // object if `removeObject' is set. Remove the tool if `removeTool' is set.
      GMSH_API void fragment(const gmsh::vectorpair & objectDimTags,
                             const gmsh::vectorpair & toolDimTags,
                             gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                             std::vector<gmsh::vectorpair> & outDimTagsMap,
                             const int tag = -1,
                             const bool removeObject = true,
                             const bool removeTool = true);

      // Translate the geometrical entities `dimTags' along (`dx', `dy', `dz').
      GMSH_API void translate(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                              const double dx,
                              const double dy,
                              const double dz);

      // Rotate the geometrical entities `dimTags' of `angle' radians around the
      // axis of revolution defined by the point (`x', `y', `z') and the direction
      // (`ax', `ay', `az').
      GMSH_API void rotate(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                           const double x,
                           const double y,
                           const double z,
                           const double ax,
                           const double ay,
                           const double az,
                           const double angle);

      // Scale the geometrical entities `dimTag' by factors `a', `b' and `c' along
      // the three coordinate axes; use (`x', `y', `z') as the center of the
      // homothetic transformation.
      GMSH_API void dilate(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                           const double x,
                           const double y,
                           const double z,
                           const double a,
                           const double b,
                           const double c);

      // Apply a symmetry transformation to the geometrical entities `dimTag', with
      // respect to the plane of equation `a' * x + `b' * y + `c' * z + `d' = 0.
      GMSH_API void symmetrize(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                               const double a,
                               const double b,
                               const double c,
                               const double d);

      // Copy the entities `dimTags'; the new entities are returned in
      // `outDimTags'.
      GMSH_API void copy(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                         gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags);

      // Remove the entities `dimTags'. If `recursive' is true, remove all the
      // entities on their boundaries, down to dimension 0.
      GMSH_API void remove(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                           const bool recursive = false);

      // Remove all duplicate entities (different entities at the same geometrical
      // location) after intersecting (using boolean fragments) all highest
      // dimensional entities.
      GMSH_API void removeAllDuplicates();

      // Import BREP, STEP or IGES shapes from the file `fileName'. The imported
      // entities are returned in `outDimTags'. If the optional argument
      // `highestDimOnly' is set, only import the highest dimensional entities in
      // the file. The optional argument `format' can be used to force the format
      // of the file (currently "brep", "step" or "iges").
      GMSH_API void importShapes(const std::string & fileName,
                                 gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                                 const bool highestDimOnly = true,
                                 const std::string & format = "");

      // Imports an OpenCASCADE `shape' by providing a pointer to a native
      // OpenCASCADE `TopoDS_Shape' object (passed as a pointer to void). The
      // imported entities are returned in `outDimTags'. If the optional argument
      // `highestDimOnly' is set, only import the highest dimensional entities in
      // `shape'. Warning: this function is unsafe, as providing an invalid pointer
      // will lead to undefined behavior.
      GMSH_API void importShapesNativePointer(const void * shape,
                                              gmsh::vectorpair & outDimTags,
                                              const bool highestDimOnly = true);

      // Set a mesh size constraint on the geometrical entities `dimTags'.
      // Currently only entities of dimension 0 (points) are handled.
      GMSH_API void setMeshSize(const gmsh::vectorpair & dimTags,
                                const double size);

      // Synchronize the internal OpenCASCADE CAD representation with the current
      // Gmsh model. This can be called at any time, but since it involves a non
      // trivial amount of processing, the number of synchronization points should
      // normally be minimized.
      GMSH_API void synchronize();

    } // namespace occ

  } // namespace model

  namespace view { // Post-processing view functions

    // Add a new post-processing view, with name `name'. If `tag' is positive use
    // it (and remove the view with that tag if it already exists), otherwise
    // associate a new tag. Return the view tag.
    GMSH_API int add(const std::string & name,
                     const int tag = -1);

    // Remove the view with tag `tag'.
    GMSH_API void remove(const int tag);

    // Get the index of the view with tag `tag' in the list of currently loaded
    // views. This dynamic index (it can change when views are removed) is used to
    // access view options.
    GMSH_API int getIndex(const int tag);

    // Get the tags of all views.
    GMSH_API void getTags(std::vector<int> & tags);

    // Add model-based post-processing data to the view with tag `tag'. `modelName'
    // identifies the model the data is attached to. `dataType' specifies the type
    // of data, currently either "NodeData", "ElementData" or "ElementNodeData".
    // `step' specifies the identifier (>= 0) of the data in a sequence. `tags'
    // gives the tags of the nodes or elements in the mesh to which the data is
    // associated. `data' is a vector of the same length as `tags': each entry is
    // the vector of double precision numbers representing the data associated with
    // the corresponding tag. The optional `time' argument associate a time value
    // with the data. `numComponents' gives the number of data components (1 for
    // scalar data, 3 for vector data, etc.) per entity; if negative, it is
    // automatically inferred (when possible) from the input data. `partition'
    // allows to specify data in several sub-sets.
    GMSH_API void addModelData(const int tag,
                               const int step,
                               const std::string & modelName,
                               const std::string & dataType,
                               const std::vector<int> & tags,
                               const std::vector<std::vector<double> > & data,
                               const double time = 0.,
                               const int numComponents = -1,
                               const int partition = 0);

    // Get model-based post-processing data from the view with tag `tag' at step
    // `step'. Return the `data' associated to the nodes or the elements with tags
    // `tags', as well as the `dataType' and the number of components
    // `numComponents'.
    GMSH_API void getModelData(const int tag,
                               const int step,
                               std::string & dataType,
                               std::vector<int> & tags,
                               std::vector<std::vector<double> > & data,
                               double & time,
                               int & numComponents);

    // Add list-based post-processing data to the view with tag `tag'. `dataType'
    // identifies the data: "SP" for scalar points, "VP", for vector points, etc.
    // `numEle' gives the number of elements in the data. `data' contains the data
    // for the `numEle' elements.
    GMSH_API void addListData(const int tag,
                              const std::string & dataType,
                              const int numEle,
                              const std::vector<double> & data);

    // Get list-based post-processing data from the view with tag `tag'. Return the
    // types `dataTypes', the number of elements `numElements' for each data type
    // and the `data' for each data type.
    GMSH_API void getListData(const int tag,
                              std::vector<std::string> & dataType,
                              std::vector<int> & numElements,
                              std::vector<std::vector<double> > & data);

    // Probe the view `tag' for its `value' at point (`x', `y', `z'). Return only
    // the value at step `step' is `step' is positive. Return only values with
    // `numComp' if `numComp' is positive. Return the gradient of the `value' if
    // `gradient' is set. Probes with a geometrical tolerance (in the reference
    // unit cube) of `tolerance' if `tolerance' is not zero. Return the result from
    // the element described by its coordinates if `xElementCoord', `yElementCoord'
    // and `zElementCoord' are provided.
    GMSH_API void probe(const int tag,
                        const double x,
                        const double y,
                        const double z,
                        std::vector<double> & value,
                        const int step = -1,
                        const int numComp = -1,
                        const bool gradient = false,
                        const double tolerance = 0.,
                        const std::vector<double> & xElemCoord = std::vector<double>(),
                        const std::vector<double> & yElemCoord = std::vector<double>(),
                        const std::vector<double> & zElemCoord = std::vector<double>());

    // Write the view to a file `fileName'. The export format is determined by the
    // file extension. Append to the file if `append' is set.
    GMSH_API void write(const int tag,
                        const std::string & fileName,
                        const bool append = false);

  } // namespace view

  namespace plugin { // Plugin functions

    // Set the numerical option `option' to the value `value' for plugin `name'.
    GMSH_API void setNumber(const std::string & name,
                            const std::string & option,
                            const double value);

    // Set the string option `option' to the value `value' for plugin `name'.
    GMSH_API void setString(const std::string & name,
                            const std::string & option,
                            const std::string & value);

    // Run the plugin `name'.
    GMSH_API void run(const std::string & name);

  } // namespace plugin

  namespace graphics { // Graphics functions

    // Draw all the OpenGL scenes.
    GMSH_API void draw();

  } // namespace graphics

  namespace fltk { // Fltk graphical user interface functions

    // Create the Fltk graphical user interface.
    GMSH_API void initialize();

    // Wait at most `time' seconds for user interface events and return. If `time'
    // < 0, wait indefinitely. First automatically create the user interface if it
    // has not yet been initialized.
    GMSH_API void wait(const double time = -1.);

    // Run the event loop of the Fltk graphical user interface, i.e. repeatedly
    // calls `wait'. First automatically create the user interface if it has not
    // yet been initialized.
    GMSH_API void run();

  } // namespace fltk

  namespace onelab { // ONELAB server functions

    // Get `data' from the ONELAB server.
    GMSH_API void get(std::string & data,
                      const std::string & format = "json");

    // Set `data' in the ONELAB server.
    GMSH_API void set(const std::string & data,
                      const std::string & format = "json");

    // Run a ONELAB client. If `name' is provided, create a new ONELAB client with
    // name `name' and executes `command'. If not, try to run a client that might
    // be linked to the processed input files.
    GMSH_API void run(const std::string & name = "",
                      const std::string & command = "");

  } // namespace onelab

  namespace logger { // Message logger functions

    // Start logging messages in `log'.
    GMSH_API void start(std::vector<std::string> & log);

    // Stop logging messages.
    GMSH_API void stop();

  } // namespace logger

} // namespace gmsh

#endif
